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I. Solomon
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JA3/JA4 Fingerprints
Published March 5th, 2025 by I. Solomon
Overview JA3 and JA4 are cryptographic fingerprinting techniques used to identify and analyze Transport Layer Security (TLS) client and server communications. These fingerprints help security teams detect malicious activities, including botnets, malware, and evasive threats that disguise themselves in encrypted traffic. What is JA3? JA3 is a method
DDoS Testing - Production VS Staging
Published May 5th, 2026 by I. Solomon
Executive Summary Introduction This document addresses whether a DDoS simulation should be conducted against a production environment or a staging environment, when both are available. It sets out the gains from testing production, the operational risks and difficulties associated and identifieswith it, and the controls applied during the engagemen
Understanding DDoS Attack Vectors
Published February 11th, 2025 by I. Solomon
Volumetric attacks - Test your ability to withstand extreme and sustained attacks. Includes UDP floods and ICMP floods. The attack’s goal is to saturate the bandwidth of the attacked site, and magnitude is measured in bits per second (Bps). Application-layer attacks Send excessive HTTP/S GET or POST requests to test your resistance to resource e
Basic Rate Limit Configuration for DDoS Protection
Published February 19th, 2025 by I. Solomon
What Are Rate Limits? Rate limit rules are essential for protecting against Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks by controlling the rate of incoming traffic to critical resources. By distinguishing between legitimate and malicious traffic, these rules help prevent service disruption and resource exhaustion. Proper configuration and calibrati
Web Challenges Procedure for DDoS Mitigation
Published February 19th, 2025 by I. Solomon
Web challenges or web-based verification methods are crucial in differentiating between human users and automated bots, particularly effective against layer 7 DDoS attacks involving numerous HTTP requests. Here are the common types of web challenges: JavaScript: This challenge identifies legitimate browsers that support JavaScript, which most bots c
Common DDoS Attack Vectors
Published February 12th, 2025 by I. Solomon
DDoS attack vectors are methods used by attackers to overwhelm a target system, network, or service with excessive traffic, causing disruption or denial of access to legitimate users. These vectors often involve sending malformed data or exploiting protocol vulnerabilities to exhaust resources. The list below highlights some of the more common attac
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